Definition #1 : Sound effects recorded in synchronization to edited picture in post-production. Named after Jack Foley, who was the head of the sound effects department at Universal Studios for many years. (source: Larry Blake) .

Definition #2: A kind of sound that is made in a sound studio while watching a picture. The most well known Foley is footsteps, but many other sounds are also recorded in this manner. (source: Tomlinson Holman)

Foley Positions:

The Foley Recordist guides the Foley Artist through the cue sheets and records the sounds on separate audio tracks. The Foley Recordist also handles playing and rewinding of the video the Foley Artist watch while performing their moves.The Foley Artist utilises many different types of wood, shoes, and numerous other props, e.g., glasses, chairs, chains, car hoods, clothes, and virtually whatever makes a noise, then replaces the original sound in entirety or embellishes the existing “live” elements to create a real to life track. The Foley Editor’s position can be quite diverse: they may transfer the film onto video and write cue sheets for the Foley Recordist and Foley Artist to follow. The cues consist of lists of time codes specifying where an action starts and stops with a simple description of the action, such as “footsteps.” The Foley Editor may also be involved in DAW editorial, placing the Foley sound effects where they need to be, manipulating the Foley effects for precise synchronization in the event the Foley Artist was slightly off with the timing of performance cue points.